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Bela Drahos
ARTIST MUSICS
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Opening phrase of the 'Pastoral': Mood, Symbolism and Musical Function
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Opening phrase of the 'Pastoral': Mood, Symbolism and Musical Function
 
1:44
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Musical Acorns: the outline of melody; the shape of a question
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Musical Acorns: the outline of melody; the shape of a question
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The opening phrase ends on a note full of pregnant expectation
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The opening phrase ends on a note full of pregnant expectation
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The rhythmic profile of the opening phrase; a two-part construction
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The rhythmic profile of the opening phrase; a two-part construction
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The properties of rhythmic ambiguity; the 'question' of Phrase One answered
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The properties of rhythmic ambiguity; the 'question' of Phrase One answered
 
1:3
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Repetition as a major factor, but it's never mere repitition; each time something new is added
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Repetition as a major factor, but it's never mere repitition; each time something new is added
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  From soft to loud and back again; instrumental enrichment from horns and double-basses
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  From soft to loud and back again; instrumental enrichment from horns and double-basses
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Mega-repetition: violins play exactly the same little fragment ten times in a row
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Mega-repetition: violins play exactly the same little fragment ten times in a row
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  But no two repetitions are quite the same; varieties of contrast
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  But no two repetitions are quite the same; varieties of contrast
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  More variation: pitch rises; violins joined first by the clarinet, then by the oboe
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  More variation: pitch rises; violins joined first by the clarinet, then by the oboe
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Return to the opening idea, but with new instrumentation and articulation
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Return to the opening idea, but with new instrumentation and articulation
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Clarinets, horns, bassoons and flutes now join expansive variation
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Clarinets, horns, bassoons and flutes now join expansive variation
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  New' insistent rhythm derived from the first four notes of the piece
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  New' insistent rhythm derived from the first four notes of the piece
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  With the dawn chorus, a whole forest is waking up; feelings of rapture
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  With the dawn chorus, a whole forest is waking up; feelings of rapture
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  First violins play a derivative of the opening figure, joined by wind and strings
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  First violins play a derivative of the opening figure, joined by wind and strings
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Sudden change of key, from the home key (tonic) to the dominant
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Sudden change of key, from the home key (tonic) to the dominant
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Rhythmic clash between simultaneous groups of three beats and groups of two
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Rhythmic clash between simultaneous groups of three beats and groups of two
 
1:9
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Winds fall silent as the violins and violas interrupt with a new theme
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Winds fall silent as the violins and violas interrupt with a new theme
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Winds answer with the same morse-like rhythm but at half the speed
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Winds answer with the same morse-like rhythm but at half the speed
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Crescendo leads to strings' acceleration of the pace with no increase in tempo
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Crescendo leads to strings' acceleration of the pace with no increase in tempo
 
1:5
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Beginning of coda, directly based on morse-like rhythm of the main theme
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Beginning of coda, directly based on morse-like rhythm of the main theme
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Strings reiterate small fragment of the new theme 13 times in a row
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Strings reiterate small fragment of the new theme 13 times in a row
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  A simple, rising violin phrase leads to a repeat of the Exposition
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  A simple, rising violin phrase leads to a repeat of the Exposition
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The nature and function of the Development section in sonata form: 'harmonic' rhythm explained
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The nature and function of the Development section in sonata form: 'harmonic' rhythm explained
 
2:22
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  A typically Beethovenian exercise in the frustration of experience
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  A typically Beethovenian exercise in the frustration of experience
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Repetitiousness and magic effected largely through instrumental colour
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Repetitiousness and magic effected largely through instrumental colour
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Even greater magic, with sudden switch of key and tone colour
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Even greater magic, with sudden switch of key and tone colour
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Increased unease and suspense as harmonic rhythm accelerates
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Increased unease and suspense as harmonic rhythm accelerates
 
2:3
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Arrival at the point of Recapitulation; back to the beginning, as a reminder
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Arrival at the point of Recapitulation; back to the beginning, as a reminder
 
1:50
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  More Beethovenian frustrations of expectations which he himself has just set up
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  More Beethovenian frustrations of expectations which he himself has just set up
 
1:1
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Harmonic rhythm speeds up, giving the impression of an accent on every beat
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Harmonic rhythm speeds up, giving the impression of an accent on every beat
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Prevailing mood restored; new theme from clarinets and bassoons
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Prevailing mood restored; new theme from clarinets and bassoons
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Violins and violas take up theme; horns, cellos, double-basses accompany
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Violins and violas take up theme; horns, cellos, double-basses accompany
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  A hush falls, followed by a return of the movement's most familiar tag in strings
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  A hush falls, followed by a return of the movement's most familiar tag in strings
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Clarinet takes up the running triplet figures of the main closing theme
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Clarinet takes up the running triplet figures of the main closing theme
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  First violins take up the opening phrase again, accompanied by double-basses
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  First violins take up the opening phrase again, accompanied by double-basses
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Beethoven slips in one last surprise; cue to complete movement
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Beethoven slips in one last surprise; cue to complete movement
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Brook music quickens; syncopated horns; theme changes hands; evocation of birdsong
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Brook music quickens; syncopated horns; theme changes hands; evocation of birdsong
 
1:19
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The 'motto' theme introduced by violins and treated to round-like overlappings
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The 'motto' theme introduced by violins and treated to round-like overlappings
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Transitional 'bridge' theme sets off for new key group. But is it? And does it?
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Transitional 'bridge' theme sets off for new key group. But is it? And does it?
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Arrival at the Second Group; but where is the actual Second Subject?
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Arrival at the Second Group; but where is the actual Second Subject?
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Theme carried by flutes and first violins in a charmingly waltz-like development
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Theme carried by flutes and first violins in a charmingly waltz-like development
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Back to the prevailing triple-metre with violins, bassoons and flutes
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Back to the prevailing triple-metre with violins, bassoons and flutes
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The transformational magic of Beethoven's 'tone-painting' - and a new variation
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The transformational magic of Beethoven's 'tone-painting' - and a new variation
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Conversation of clarinet, flute and oboe on the way to the Development
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Conversation of clarinet, flute and oboe on the way to the Development
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Harmonic movement emphasised by violins; oboe takes up the First Subject
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Harmonic movement emphasised by violins; oboe takes up the First Subject
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Flute and oboe discuss the First Subject, before arriving together at the Transition
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Flute and oboe discuss the First Subject, before arriving together at the Transition
 
1:4
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  More thematic transformation through the agency of tone-colour
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  More thematic transformation through the agency of tone-colour
 
1:11
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Harmonic fluidity - instability - as the central engine of the Development section
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Harmonic fluidity - instability - as the central engine of the Development section
 
1:40
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Harmonic instability, thematic dissolution increase, then lessen with approach of Recapitulation
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Harmonic instability, thematic dissolution increase, then lessen with approach of Recapitulation
 
1:41
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Recap. and transformation: key and material are right, but what a change of presentation!
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Recap. and transformation: key and material are right, but what a change of presentation!
 
1:29
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Just when we know that's coming, Beethoven changes the rules (or at least the harmony)
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Just when we know that's coming, Beethoven changes the rules (or at least the harmony)
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Transformation by reorchestration; switch to long sustained chords; then everything stops
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Transformation by reorchestration; switch to long sustained chords; then everything stops
 
1:20
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The silence is broken by voices of nightingale (flute), quail (oboe) and cuckoo (clarinet)
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The silence is broken by voices of nightingale (flute), quail (oboe) and cuckoo (clarinet)
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Beethoven and the Scherzo: and introduction; Part One of opening phrase taken by the strings
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Beethoven and the Scherzo: and introduction; Part One of opening phrase taken by the strings
 
1:31
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Immediate response; Part One is answered by a much more singing, continuous legato
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Immediate response; Part One is answered by a much more singing, continuous legato
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Entire orchestra gives out opening theme, this time fortissimo and with powerful accents
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Entire orchestra gives out opening theme, this time fortissimo and with powerful accents
 
1:6
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  A musical ball game. The contrast of this and the first two movements could hardly be greater
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  A musical ball game. The contrast of this and the first two movements could hardly be greater
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  After quietly teasing suspense, Beethoven mocks village band, first the oboe, then the bassoon
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  After quietly teasing suspense, Beethoven mocks village band, first the oboe, then the bassoon
 
1:18
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Clarinet joins in, then horns take the tune - the dance no longer boisterous but lyrical
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Clarinet joins in, then horns take the tune - the dance no longer boisterous but lyrical
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Strings sweep the village musicians aside and hurtle us into the new, boisterous 'Trio' section
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Strings sweep the village musicians aside and hurtle us into the new, boisterous 'Trio' section
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The air is alive with the sound of (mock) bagpipes, tambourines and fifes
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The air is alive with the sound of (mock) bagpipes, tambourines and fifes
 
1:
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Coda; begins as the movement itself begins, but soon diverges in harmony and instrumentation
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Coda; begins as the movement itself begins, but soon diverges in harmony and instrumentation
 
1:18
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Original layout compressed; order of events is changed and Beethoven springs a big surprise
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Original layout compressed; order of events is changed and Beethoven springs a big surprise
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Unparalleled portrait of nature's power over humanity, with some stupendous orchestration
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Unparalleled portrait of nature's power over humanity, with some stupendous orchestration
 
3:5
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Self-generating form and terror of total unpredictability; 'anxiety motif' from the violins
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Self-generating form and terror of total unpredictability; 'anxiety motif' from the violins
 
1:34
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The 'lashing rain' motif - downward-driving arpeggios from the first violins and violas
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The 'lashing rain' motif - downward-driving arpeggios from the first violins and violas
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The 'lightning' motif, and its recurrence later in the movement
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  The 'lightning' motif, and its recurrence later in the movement
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Rain' motif, derived from descending scale pattern from the violins at the outset
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Rain' motif, derived from descending scale pattern from the violins at the outset
 
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Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Shivering tremolandos from the strings and increasingly eerie harmonies from the wind
Discussion/Introduction to Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony"  Shivering tremolandos from the strings and increasingly eerie harmonies from the wind
 
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