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The Orchestra dell'EIAR, also known as the EIAR Symphony Orchestra, was a prominent classical music ensemble in Italy during the mid-20th century. The orchestra was founded in 1931 by the Italian national radio broadcasting company, EIAR (Ente Italiano per le Audizioni Radiofoniche), which later became RAI (Radiotelevisione Italiana). The orchestra's founding conductor was the renowned Italian maestro, Arturo Toscanini. Toscanini had previously conducted the La Scala Orchestra in Milan and the New York Philharmonic, and was considered one of the greatest conductors of his time. He led the EIAR Symphony Orchestra in its early years, and helped establish it as one of the premier orchestras in Italy. After Toscanini's departure in 1937, the orchestra was led by a series of distinguished conductors, including Bernardino Molinari, Franco Ferrara, and Mario Rossi. The orchestra's membership also included many notable musicians, such as the violinist Uto Ughi and the cellist Enrico Mainardi. Throughout its history, the Orchestra dell'EIAR performed a wide range of classical repertoire, from Baroque and Classical works to contemporary compositions. The orchestra also collaborated with many prominent soloists, including pianist Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli and soprano Maria Callas. One of the orchestra's most notable performances was its 1946 concert in Milan, which featured the world premiere of the Italian composer Luigi Dallapiccola's Partita. The performance was conducted by the composer himself, and was met with critical acclaim. The orchestra also received numerous awards and accolades throughout its history. In 1950, it was awarded the prestigious Grand Prix du Disque for its recording of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9. The orchestra also won the Italian National Music Prize in 1952 and 1953. Despite its success, the Orchestra dell'EIAR faced financial difficulties in the 1950s and 1960s, and was eventually disbanded in 1967. However, its legacy lives on through its many recordings and performances, which continue to be celebrated by classical music enthusiasts around the world.

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